Quantum information

Quantum entanglement

Whether you are a novice or an expert, pick the depth that fits you and explore one of the most fascinating phenomena in physics.

Level 1 · Beginner

Magically linked

Imagine two tiny balls (electrons). If they are created together, they are somehow magically linked. Both balls can be blue or red, and before looking at them they can be thought of as being both colors at the same time.

Now you take them very far apart. You look at one, then the other, and you find a surprising rule: if the first one is red, the other one is always red too.

You might think they were both red from the beginning and you just had not looked yet, but here is the catch: quantum physics tells us that each ball had exactly a 50% chance to be red or blue before you looked at it. Even though each ball's color alone is unpredictable, together they obey a strict correlation.

This is the idea of quantum entanglement. Tiny particles can be prepared so that their properties are linked: measuring one immediately tells you something about the other, no matter how far apart they are.