Quantum optics

The photoelectric effect

Whether you are a novice or an expert, pick the depth that fits you and explore the effect that earned Einstein the Nobel Prize.

Level 1 · Beginner

Light plays tag

Imagine you have a ball pit full of tiny balls called electrons. These electrons like to sit quietly inside a material. Now, imagine shining a flashlight onto the ball pit. The light is made of tiny energy packets called photons, like little "magic" balls of light.

When these photons hit the electrons, they can give them enough energy to jump out of the ball pit and fly away! This is called the photoelectric effect.

It is like the light is playing a game of tag, and when it tags an electron, the electron jumps out of the ball pit and runs away.

This discovery, made famous by Einstein, helped scientists understand that light is not just a wave, but also behaves like particles, which was a big surprise at the time!